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The formula for specific impulse is given as: I s p = τ / m ˙ g {\displaystyle I_{sp}=\tau /{\dot {m}}g} Where I s p {\displaystyle I_{sp}} is given as specific impulse, τ {\displaystyle \tau } as thrust in N, m ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {m}}} as mass flow rate in kg/s, and g {\displaystyle g} as the gravitational acceleration of the earth.
In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft. For spacecraft far from Earth, an orbital maneuver is called a deep-space maneuver (DSM). [1] When a spacecraft is not conducting a maneuver, especially in a transfer orbit, it is said to be coasting.
Snap, [6] or jounce, [2] is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. [4] Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: = ȷ = = =.
Delta-v (also known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as and pronounced /dɛltə viː/, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse per unit of spacecraft mass that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launching from or landing on a planet or moon, or an in-space orbital maneuver.
The formula for an escape velocity is derived as follows. The specific energy (energy per unit mass) of any space vehicle is composed of two components, the specific potential energy and the specific kinetic energy. The specific potential energy associated with a planet of mass M is given by =
In a Hall thruster, the attractive negative charge is provided by an electron plasma at the open end of the thruster instead of a grid. A radial magnetic field of about 100–300 G (10–30 mT ) is used to confine the electrons, where the combination of the radial magnetic field and axial electric field cause the electrons to drift in azimuth ...
This type of impulse is often idealized so that the change in momentum produced by the force happens with no change in time. This sort of change is a step change , and is not physically possible. However, this is a useful model for computing the effects of ideal collisions (such as in videogame physics engines ).
Specific impulse (usually abbreviated I sp) is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine, such as a rocket using propellant or a jet engine using fuel, generates thrust. In general, this is a ratio of the impulse, i.e. change in momentum, per mass of propellant. This is equivalent to "thrust per massflow".