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  2. Pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessimism

    The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.

  3. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    The word pessimism comes from Latin pessimus, meaning "the worst".The term "optimism" was first used to name Lebnitz's thesis that we live in "the best of all possible worlds"; and "pessimism" was coined to name the opposing view.

  4. The Birth of Tragedy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birth_of_Tragedy

    The Birth of Tragedy Out of the Spirit of Music (German: Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik) is an 1872 work of dramatic theory by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. It was reissued in 1886 as The Birth of Tragedy, Or: Hellenism and Pessimism ( German : Die Geburt der Tragödie, Oder: Griechentum und Pessimismus ).

  5. Glossary of music terminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology

    In instrumental music, a style of playing that imitates the way the human voice might express the music, with a measured tempo and flexible legato. cantilena a vocal melody or instrumental passage in a smooth, lyrical style canto Chorus; choral; chant cantus mensuratus or cantus figuratus (Lat.) Meaning respectively "measured song" or "figured ...

  6. Doomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomer

    "Doomer" themed playlists, featuring this wojak along with slowed down music edits (often involving post-punk or rock) reached popularity on YouTube, especially during the Covid-19 lockdowns. The archetype often embodies nihilism and despair, with a belief in the incipient end of the world to causes ranging from climate apocalypse to peak oil ...

  7. History of philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophical...

    The Ecclesiastes is a piece of wisdom literature from the Old Testament. [8] In chapter 1, the author expresses his view towards the vanity (or meaninglessness) of human endeavors in life: [9] The words of the Teacher, son of David, king in Jerusalem: "Meaningless! Meaningless!" says the Teacher. "Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless."

  8. Afro-pessimism (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-pessimism_(United_States)

    Afro-pessimism is a critical framework that describes the ongoing effects of racism, colonialism, and historical processes of enslavement in the United States, including the transatlantic slave trade and their impact on structural conditions as well as the personal, subjective, and lived experience and embodied reality of African Americans; it is particularly applicable to U.S. contexts.

  9. Music criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_criticism

    The musicologist Winton Dean has suggested that "music is probably the most difficult of the arts to criticise." [2] Unlike the plastic or literary arts, the 'language' of music does not specifically relate to human sensory experience – Dean's words, "the word 'love' is common coin in life and literature: the note C has nothing to do with breakfast or railway journeys or marital harmony."