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Low sodium intake level was a mean of <115 mmol (2645 mg), usual sodium intake was 115-215 mmol (2645–4945 mg), and a high sodium intake was >215 mmol (4945 mg), concluding: "Both low sodium intakes and high sodium intakes are associated with increased mortality, consistent with a U-shaped association between sodium intake and health outcomes".
Severe symptoms are usually due to acute elevation of the plasma sodium concentration to above 157 mmol/L [10] (normal blood levels are generally about 135–145 mmol/L for adults and elderly). [10] Values above 180 mmol/L are associated with a high mortality rate, particularly in adults. [ 11 ]
The recommended adequate intake of sodium is 1,500 milligrams (3.9 g salt) per day, and people over 50 need even less." [13] The Daily Value for potassium, 4,700 mg per day, was based on a study of men who were given 14.6 g of sodium chloride per day and treated with potassium supplements until the frequency of salt sensitivity was reduced to 20%.
The average daily excretion of sodium is between 40 and 220 mEq. [13] Normal serum sodium levels are between approximately 135 and 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L). A serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L qualifies as hyponatremia, which is considered severe when the serum sodium level is below 125 mEq/L. [14] [15]
In fact, most Americans eat as much as 3,400 milligrams of sodium a day—far above the daily limit of 2,300 milligrams recommended by the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Death results by the swelling of the brain against the skull. (Normal serum sodium levels are 135–145 mEq/liter (135–145 mmol/L). Severe symptoms typically only occur when levels are above 160 mEq/L.) The human renal system actively regulates sodium chloride in the blood within a very narrow range around 9 g/L (0.9% by weight). [citation ...
The American Heart Association defined a daily sodium consumption limit of 1500 milligrams (contained in less than 0.75 teaspoon of table salt). [ 14 ] [ 23 ] According to a 2012 Health Canada report, Canadians in all age groups are consuming 3400 mg per day of sodium, more than twice as much as needed. [ 24 ]
Levels of 7 g per day or more in people with hypertension were associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events, but this was not found to be true for people without hypertension. [102] The US FDA states that adults with hypertension and prehypertension should reduce daily sodium intake to 1.5 g. [101]