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The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
The chemical reaction, in which ethylene (C 2 H 4) is oxidised by potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) to carbon dioxide (CO 2), manganese oxide (MnO 2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), in the presence of water, is presented as follows: [55] 3 C 2 H 4 + 12 KMnO 4 + 2 H 2 O → 6 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O + 12 MnO 2 + 12 KOH
The exothermic (heat producing) reaction between potassium permanganate (KMnO 4), a strong oxidizing agent, and glycerol (C 3 H 5 (OH) 3), a readily oxidised organic substance, is an example of an experiment sometimes referred to as a "chemical volcano". [7] [8]
The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement ...
In instructional laboratories, [5] acetophenone is converted to styrene in a two-step process that illustrates the reduction of carbonyls using sodium borohydride and the dehydration of alcohols: 4 C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 3 + NaBH 4 + 4 H 2 O → 4 C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CH 3 + NaOH + B(OH) 3 C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CH 3 → C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2 + H 2 O
Real estate analytics company CoStar and global travel data firm Tourism Economics in November downgraded their 2025 outlook for room revenue growth to 1.8% from 2.6%.
1. All of these words sound like a specific letter in the alphabet. 2. These items are known for their notched edges. 3. Expressions that show mild frustration. 4. Features of a flowing body of water.
Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives. It reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis. [3] It is a precursor to diphenylmethanimine via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis.