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The default TCP Maximum Segment Size is for IPv4 is 536. For IPv6 it is 1220. [1]: §3.7.1 Where a host wishes to set the maximum segment size to a value other than the default, the maximum segment size is specified as a TCP option, initially in the TCP SYN packet during the TCP handshake. The value cannot be changed after the connection is ...
A packet sniffer, which intercepts TCP traffic on a network link, can be useful in debugging networks, network stacks, and applications that use TCP by showing the user what packets are passing through a link. Some networking stacks support the SO_DEBUG socket option, which can be enabled on the socket using setsockopt.
In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. [ 1 ] : 25 The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that can be transported on the data link layer , e.g., Ethernet frame .
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, packet strictly refers to a protocol data unit at layer 3, the network layer. [2] A data unit at layer 2, the data link layer , is a frame . In layer 4, the transport layer , the data units are segments and datagrams .
The protocols in use today in this layer for the Internet all originated in the development of TCP/IP. In the OSI model the transport layer is often referred to as Layer 4, or L4, [2] while numbered layers are not used in TCP/IP. The best-known transport protocol of the Internet protocol suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
OSI had two major components: an abstract model of networking, called the Basic Reference Model or seven-layer model, and a set of specific protocols. The OSI reference model was a major advance in the standardisation of network concepts. It promoted the idea of a consistent model of protocol layers, defining interoperability between network ...
Different operating systems, and different versions of the same operating system, set different defaults for these values. By collecting and examining these values, one may differentiate among various operating systems and implementations of TCP/IP. The TCP/IP fields that may vary include the following: Initial packet size (16 bits) Initial TTL ...
TCP window scale option is needed for efficient transfer of data when the bandwidth-delay product (BDP) is greater than 64 KB [1].For instance, if a T1 transmission line of 1.5 Mbit/s was used over a satellite link with a 513 millisecond round-trip time (RTT), the bandwidth-delay product is ,, =, bits or about 96,187 bytes.