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I) Periodontal health and gingival health Gingival health on an intact periodontium Gingival health on a reduced periodontium i.Stable periodontitis patient ii.Non periodontitis patient. II) Gingivitis - dental biofilm induced Associated with the dental biofilm alone Mediated by systemic or local risk factors Drug influenced gingival enlargement
Periodontal disease; Other names: Gum disease, pyorrhea, periodontitis: Radiograph showing bone loss between the two roots of a tooth (black region). The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
Periodontal pathology, also termed gum diseases or periodontal diseases, are diseases involving the periodontium (the tooth supporting structures, i.e. the gums). The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone , periodontal ligament , cementum and gingiva .
Periodontology or periodontics (from Ancient Greek περί, perí – 'around'; and ὀδούς, odoús – 'tooth', genitive ὀδόντος, odóntos) is the specialty of dentistry that studies supporting structures of teeth, as well as diseases and conditions that affect them.
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
In periodontal disease, not only does the bone that supports the teeth, known as alveolar bone, reduce in height in relation to the teeth, but the morphology of the remaining alveolar bone is altered. [1] The bone destruction patterns that occur as a result of periodontal disease generally take on characteristic forms.
Although utilized for more than 50 years, the term has since been dropped in favor of a more contemporary disease classification for periodontal disease. Described by Gottlieb as a "diffuse atrophy of the alveolar bone," the term periodontosis was later applied and it gained acceptance as a disease entity, [ 1 ] being defined as:
Plaque-induced periodontal diseases are generally classified destructive or non-destructive. Clinical attachment loss is a sign of destructive (physiologically irreversible) periodontal disease. The term clinical attachment loss is used almost exclusively to refer to connective tissue attachment loss: https://medical-dictionary ...