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Untreated early syphilis infections results in a high risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, including saddle nose, lower extremity abnormalities, miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths, or death in newborns. Some infants with congenital syphilis have symptoms at birth, but many develop symptoms later.
Gonorrhoea or gonorrhea, colloquially known as the clap, [7] is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [8] Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum. [9] Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person, [1] or from a mother to a child during birth. [1]
The removal of fluoroquinolones as a potential treatment left cephalosporins as the only viable antimicrobial option for gonorrhea treatment. Wary of further gonococcal resistance, the CDC's recommendations shifted in 2010 to a dual therapy strategy—cephalosporin with either azithromycin or doxycycline.
Treatment typically consists of cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. [5] Gonococcemia is typically treated with intravenous or intramuscular cephalosporin antibiotics. [ 6 ] Approximately 10-30% of gonorrheal infections present with a co-infection of chlamydia , so it is common to add a one-time dose of oral azithromycin or ...
The first effective treatment for a sexually transmitted infection was salvarsan, a treatment for syphilis. With the discovery of antibiotics , a large number of sexually transmitted infections became easily curable, and this, combined with effective public health campaigns against STIs, led to a public perception during the 1960s and 1970s ...
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional ...
The first-line treatment for uncomplicated syphilis (primary or secondary stages) remains a single dose of intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin. [68] The bacterium is highly vulnerable to penicillin when treated early, and a treated individual is typically rendered non-infective in about 24 hours. [69]
Gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV should be tested for in those who have been infected. [2] Following treatment, people should be tested again after three months. [2] Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. [4] [5] In 2015, about 61 million new cases occurred ...