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Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.. An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays.
An example of K-alpha lines is Fe K-alpha emitted as iron atoms are spiraling into a black hole at the center of a galaxy. [8] The K-alpha line in copper is frequently used as the primary source of X-ray radiation in lab-based X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) instruments.
Examples of electromagnetic radiation includes X-rays and gamma rays (see photo "Types of Electromagnetic Radiation"). [4] These types of radiation can easily penetrate the human body because of high energy.
For example, at one time, assistants in shoe shops in the US used X-rays to check a child's shoe size, but this practice was halted when the risks of ionizing radiation were better understood. [ 27 ] Neutron radiation is essential to the working of nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons .
The photo-absorption strongly depends on the atomic number of the material and the X-ray energy. Several centimeter thick volumes can be accessed in steel and millimeters in lead containing samples. No radiation damage of the sample, which can pin incommensurations or destroy the chemical compound to be analyzed.
Radiation and radioactive substances are used for diagnosis, treatment, and research. X-rays, for example, pass through muscles and other soft tissue but are stopped by dense materials. This property of X-rays enables doctors to find broken bones and to locate cancers that might be growing in the body. [7]
Artificial X-ray sources Radiopharmaceuticals in radiopharmacology. Radioactive tracer; Brachytherapy; X-ray tube, a vacuum tube that produces X-rays when current flows through it; X-ray laser; X-ray generator, any of various devices using X-ray tubes, lasers, or radioisotopes; Synchrotron, which produces X-rays as synchrotron radiation ...
Backscatter X-ray is an advanced X-ray imaging technology. Traditional X-ray machines detect hard and soft materials by the variation in x-ray intensity transmitted through the target. In contrast, backscatter X-ray detects the radiation that reflects from the target. It has potential applications where less-destructive examination is required ...