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Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) is an American third-party coin grading, authentication, attribution, and encapsulation service founded in 1985. The intent of its seven founding dealers, including the firm's former president David Hall, was to standardize grading.
Collectors Universe Inc. is an American company formed in 1986, now based in Santa Ana, California, which provides third-party authentication and grading services to collectors, retail buyers and sellers of collectibles.
Even within the same grade, coins can have widely differing values. In the May 26, 2003 edition of Coin World, the hobby newspaper had announced they had contracted investigators to conduct a year-long, comparative study of PCGS, ACCGS, and NGC, along with several other grading services, each known as Third Party Grader (TPG). In their ...
In January 1987, Standish joined PCGS and was the first full-time coin grader in the company's history. [3] He became part owner in the company in 1995. In 2004 Standish received notoriety for the detection of an impostor coin. "Someone had taken a 1945 cent (which was made of copper alloy) and altered the '5' in the date to resemble a '3.'
Third-party grading (TPG) refers to coin grading & banknote grading authentication, attribution, and encapsulation by independent certification services.. These services will, for a tiered fee depending on the value of the coin, "slab" a coin and assign a grade of 1–70 on the Sheldon grading system, with 1 being the lowest grade, with only faint details visible to 70, a practically perfect ...
Coin grading [1] is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its collectible value. A coin's grade is generally determined by six criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, attractiveness, and occasionally the country/state in which it was minted.
Reverse of PCGS coin slab with hologram in upper right corner. Slabbing coins is a practice which began in 1986. The grading of coins was a way to remove coin grading controversies by having a third party certify the coin's condition. [1] The earliest coin slabs introduced by PCGS were in use from 1986-1989.
There are in more than 3,000 different VAMs however the coin certification company Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) does not recognize all of them. They recognize 52 VAM Peace dollars and 317 Morgan dollar VAMs [2] A VAM can be a small change in dies like a different sized mint mark, or something more dramatic like a repunched date.