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  2. Exponentiation by squaring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring

    The method is based on the observation that, for any integer >, one has: = {() /, /,. If the exponent n is zero then the answer is 1. If the exponent is negative then we can reuse the previous formula by rewriting the value using a positive exponent.

  3. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3 , or 3 raised to the 5th power . The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to the 5".

  4. Ordinal arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_arithmetic

    In the mathematical field of set theory, ordinal arithmetic describes the three usual operations on ordinal numbers: addition, multiplication, and exponentiation.Each can be defined in essentially two different ways: either by constructing an explicit well-ordered set that represents the result of the operation or by using transfinite recursion.

  5. Exponential function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function

    Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2. In mathematics, the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative equal to its value. . The exponential of a variable ⁠ ⁠ is denoted ⁠ ⁡ ⁠ or ⁠ ⁠, with the two notations used interchangeab

  6. Modular exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_exponentiation

    If a instead is one, the variable base (containing the value b 2 i mod m of the original base) is simply multiplied in. In this example, the base b is raised to the exponent e = 13. The exponent is 1101 in binary. There are four binary digits, so the loop executes four times, with values a 0 = 1, a 1 = 0, a 2 = 1, and a 3 = 1.

  7. Base (exponentiation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(exponentiation)

    The number n is called the exponent and the expression is known formally as exponentiation of b by n or the exponential of n with base b. It is more commonly expressed as "the nth power of b", "b to the nth power" or "b to the power n". For example, the fourth power of 10 is 10,000 because 10 4 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 10,000.

  8. How to retire on less than $1 million and never run out of money

    www.aol.com/finance/retire-less-1-million-never...

    Bottom line Ultimately, whether you can retire on less than $1 million will largely depend on your spending needs during retirement and your remaining life expectancy. To be sure, $1 million may ...

  9. Floating-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic

    A simple method to add floating-point numbers is to first represent them with the same exponent. In the example below, the second number (with the smaller exponent) is shifted right by three digits, and one then proceeds with the usual addition method: 123456.7 = 1.234567 × 10^5 101.7654 = 1.017654 × 10^2 = 0.001017654 × 10^5