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Women's hairstyles became increasingly long in the latter part of the decade and blunt cuts dominated. Blunt cuts of the late 1980s brought long hair to an equal length across the back. Bangs were popular, with "mall bangs", attributed to teenage girls who frequented shopping malls , were styled by ratting bangs into peaks or mounds, and then ...
Women generally emulated the hair styles and hair colors of popular film personalities and fashion magazines; top models played a pivotal role in propagating the styles. [2] Alexandre of Paris had developed the beehive and artichoke styles seen on Grace Kelly , Jackie Kennedy , the Duchess of Windsor , Elizabeth Taylor , and Tippi Hedren . [ 15 ]
Women were relegated to housework, child rearing and making a living, and, since electricity was scarce in the 1950s and 1960s, perms were an economical, low maintenance way to style hair.
A permanent wave, commonly called a perm or permanent (sometimes called a "curly perm" to distinguish it from a "straight perm"), [1] is a hairstyle consisting of waves or curls set into the hair. The curls may last a number of months, hence the name. Perms may be applied using thermal or chemical means.
The looser curls are then set on perm rods and a chemical solution is then added to the hair to permanently curl it. "Perming" is time and labor-intensive, and expensive to maintain. The chemicals required for the process often cause the wearer's natural hair to become brittle and dry.
A digital perm is a perm that uses hot rods with the temperature regulated by a machine with a digital display, hence the name. [1] The process is otherwise similar to that of a traditional perm. The name "digital perm" is trademarked by a Japanese company, Paimore Co. [2] Hairstylists usually call it a "hot perm."
The thioglycolic acid in the perm solution reduces the disulfide cystine bonds in the cortex of the hair. [2] In a sense, the thioglycolate removes crosslinks. After washing, the hair is treated with a mild solution of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidizes the cysteines back to cystine. These new chemical bonds impart the structural rigidity ...
Perm salt is a chemical reducing agent which selectively weakens the hair's cystine bonds instead of disrupting the entire protein, but strips out the natural oils even more thoroughly than the alkali hydroxide products.