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  2. Critical appraisal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_appraisal

    Critical appraisal checklists help to appraise the quality of the study design and (for quantitative studies) the risk of bias. Critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional studies are the AXIS, [4] JBI, [5] Nested Knowledge [6] tools; for randomised controlled trials are Nested Knowledge, [6] Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, [7] [8] JBI tool [5 ...

  3. Evidence-based medicine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine

    Training in evidence based medicine is offered across the continuum of medical education. [59] Educational competencies have been created for the education of health care professionals. [113] [59] [114] The Berlin questionnaire and the Fresno Test [115] [116] are validated instruments for assessing the effectiveness of education in evidence ...

  4. PICO process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PICO_process

    The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]

  5. Hierarchy of evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_evidence

    A large number of hierarchies of evidence have been proposed. Similar protocols for evaluation of research quality are still in development. So far, the available protocols pay relatively little attention to whether outcome research is relevant to efficacy (the outcome of a treatment performed under ideal conditions) or to effectiveness (the outcome of the treatment performed under ordinary ...

  6. Evidence-based management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_management

    Some of the publications in this area are Evidence-Based Management, Harvard Business Review, and Hard Facts, Dangerous Half-Truths and Total Nonsense: Profiting From Evidence-Based Management. [1] Some of the people conducting research on the effects of evidence-based management are Jeffrey Pfeffer , Robert I. Sutton , and Tracy Allison Altman.

  7. Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Standards_of...

    The copyright to USPAP was donated to TAF on April 27, 1987. While USPAP answers a specific regulatory need in the U.S., it has also been adopted by many appraisal professional organizations throughout North and South America, Europe, and Asia. USPAP represents the generally accepted and recognized standards of appraisal practice.

  8. Ecosystem-based management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem-based_management

    The systemic origins of ecosystem-based management are rooted in the ecosystem management policy applied to the Great Lakes of North America in the late 1970s. The legislation created, the "Great Lakes Basin and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978", was based on the claim that "no park is an island", with the purpose to show how strict protection of the area is not the best method ...

  9. Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_CMMI_Appraisal...

    The suite of documents associated with a particular version of the CMMI includes a requirements specification called the Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC), [2] which specifies three levels of formality for appraisals: Class A, B, and C. Formal (Class A) SCAMPIs are conducted by SEI-authorized Lead Appraisers who use the SCAMPI A Method Definition Document (MDD) [3] to conduct the appraisals.