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Stormwater, also written storm water, is water that originates from precipitation , including heavy rain and meltwater from hail and snow. Stormwater can soak into the soil ( infiltrate ) and become groundwater , be stored on depressed land surface in ponds and puddles , evaporate back into the atmosphere, or contribute to surface runoff .
The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, often abbreviated as SWPPP or SW3P, is a plan created by constructors to show their plans for sediment and erosion control. [1] Typically these plans are part of an overall design that details procedures to be followed during various phases of construction.
The Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) was a research project conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) between 1979 and 1983. It was the first comprehensive study of urban stormwater pollution across the United States. [1]
Stormwater permit regulations issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) govern the permit process. [4] EPA published its "Phase I" stormwater rule, which covers industrial dischargers, in 1990. [5] Most stormwater permits in the U.S. are issued by the agencies in 47 states that have been given authority by EPA.
The term low-impact development (Canada/US) is used in Canada and the United States to describe a land planning and engineering design approach to managing stormwater runoff. In recent years many states in the US have adopted LID concepts and standards to enhance their approach to reducing the harmful potential for storm water pollution in new ...
When it comes to stormwater capture, ... 59.5 million acre-feet of stormwater go uncaptured across the United States — or roughly 53 billion gallons per day. The amount is equivalent to 93% of ...
About 855 Phase I MS4s and 6,695 Phase II MS4s are regulated by the permit system, as of 2018. The MS4s serve over 80% of the US population and provide drainage for 4% of the land area. [33] Most construction sites are covered by general permits. Other industrial sites that only discharge stormwater are typically covered by general permits. [34]
Infiltration galleries may be used to supplement a storm sewer, by directing storm runoff from non-road areas.. While the catchbasins under sewer grates work well on swift-flowing surfaces like asphalt and concrete, heavy storm water flow on grass lawns or other open areas will pool in low areas if there is no outlet.