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Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths [1] of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals.
Galls induced by insects can be viewed as an extended phenotype of the inducing insect, and gall-inducing insects specialize on their host plants, often to a greater extent than insects that feed on the same plant without creating galls. [2] The gall's form or type depends on what organism is attacking the plant and where the plant is being ...
Leafy gall is a gall originated from a bud which would not develop under normal conditions. All effects coming from the infection of R. fascians do not depend on plant cells' transformation (as they do in Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium rhizogenes ), but on expression of virulence-related genes of bacterium and on the production of ...
Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls . Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long.
Galls act as both domatia (housing), and food sources for the gall maker. The interior of a gall is composed of edible nutritious tissue. Aphid galls in narrow leaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) act as “physiologic sinks,” concentrating resources in the gall from the surrounding plant parts. [28]
The goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis), also known as the goldenrod ball gallmaker, is a species of fly native to North America. The species is best known for the characteristic galls it forms on several species in the Solidago, or goldenrod, genus. The fly's eggs are inserted near the developing buds of the plant.
Aceria fraxinivora, also known as the cauliflower gall mite and the ash key gall, causes the growths, known as galls, found on the hanging seeds or "keys" of the ash species. [ 4 ] Appearance and cause
The diameter of the gall at its base is 1.5–3 mm (0.06–0.12 in). [36] [31] They are narrow and conical, and sometimes have a slight curve at the tip. [16] The galls each contain a single chamber, [31] which is smooth inside. [24] Common names for the gall include the grape-leaf trumpet-gall, [35] the conical grape gall, [24] and the grape ...