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Confucian ideals emphasized morality, character, social relationship, and the status quo. [3] Confucius preached jen (humanity) and the equality and educability of all people; [4] Neo-Confucianists and Imperial leaders used his beliefs in social hierarchy, particularly in the family setting, for the physical and social oppression of women. As ...
Confucianism "largely defined the mainstream discourse on gender in China from the Han dynasty onward." [137] The gender roles prescribed in the Three Obediences and Four Virtues became a cornerstone of the family, and thus, societal stability. The Three Obediences and Four Virtues is one of the moral standards for feudal etiquette to bind ...
The Communist government attempted to challenge Confucian beliefs, [18] and one of its main goals was to improve the social position of women by promoting their entry into the labour force. [18] The constitution of the People's Republic of China , which was enacted in 1954, stated that women and men should have equal rights.
Within the Legalist Confucian tradition, "shame" was considered the more effective means of controlling the behaviour of the population, as opposed to punishment, as it allowed individuals to recognise their transgression and engage in self-improvement. [3] In some renderings of the principles, the concept of chi is replaced with honour (耻 ...
Only after gifts were exchanged would a marriage proceed; and the bride would be taken to live in the ancestral home of the new husband. Here, a wife was expected to live with the entirety of her husband's family and to follow all of their rules and beliefs. Many families followed the Confucian teachings regarding honoring their elders. These ...
Women's improved rights to property came gradually with the increasing value of dowries offered by brides' families. Daoism and Buddhism were the dominant religions of China in the Song era, the latter deeply affecting many beliefs and principles of Neo-Confucianism throughout the dynasty. However, Buddhism came under heavy criticism by staunch ...
A woman pushing a baby carriage, late Tang dynasty, Mogao caves 156 Ceramic models of Tang women playing polo and wearing trousers. The Tang dynasty has been described as a golden age for women, in contrast to the Neo-Confucianism of the later Song dynasty that saw practices like foot-binding, widow suicide, and widow chastity become socially ...
"The Tradition: Women during the Yi Dynasty." In Virtues in Conflict: Tradition and the Korean Woman Today. Ed. by Sandra Mattielli. Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, 1977. pp. 1–47. Second printing: 1983. "Neo-Confucianism: The Impulse for Social Action in Early Yi Dynasty Korea, "The Journal of Korean Studies 2 (1980): 71-111.