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Needle ice phenomena play a particularly significant role in patterned ground in periglacial environments. [8] The growth of needle ice lifts a detached, frozen soil crust riding on top of the layer of ice. When the crust and the ice melt, the soil surface settles back irregularly. This phenomenon is linked to erosion, particularly on ...
This effect allows water to percolate through the soil towards the ice lens, allowing the lens to grow. Another water-transport effect is the preservation of a few molecular layers of liquid water on the surface of the ice lens, and between ice and soil particles. Faraday reported in 1860 on the unfrozen layer of premelted water. [14] Ice ...
The displacement of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). erratic A piece of rock that deviates from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests.
[6] [7] For frost weathering to occur by volumetric expansion, the rock must have almost no air that can be compressed to compensate for the expansion of ice, which means it has to be water-saturated and frozen quickly from all sides so that the water does not migrate away and the pressure is exerted on the rock. [6]
Laminations of ice in a sheet of aufeis. Aufeis (/ ˈ aʊ f aɪ s / OW-fysse) (German for "ice on top") is a sheet-like mass of layered ice that forms from successive flows of ground or river water during freezing temperatures. This form of ice is also called overflow, icings, [1] or the Russian term, naled (Russian: наледь).
Ice lenses are responsible for palsa (picture) growth. The basic condition for ice segregation and frost heaving is existence of a region in soil or porous rock which is relatively permeable, is in a temperature range which allows the coexistence of ice and water (in a premelted state), and has a temperature gradient across the region. [7]
Insects that live under the water have different strategies for dealing with freezing than terrestrial insects do. Many insect species survive winter not as adults on land, but as larvae underneath the surface of the water. Under the water many benthic invertebrates will experience some subfreezing temperatures, especially in small streams.
The moraine is the high bank of debris in the top left hand quarter of the image. Glaciologist Erin Pettit in Antarctica, 2016. Glaciology (from Latin glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek λόγος 'subject matter'; lit. ' study of ice ') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.