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Full Title: The writing and language of all the surviving Phoenician remains, published and unpublished copies of the best examples, illustrated and explained by Wilhelm Gesenius. First part: Containing the first two books on Phoenician letters and inscriptions [p. i–xxviii, 1–260], therein:
The Phoenician letter forms shown are idealized: actual Phoenician writing is less uniform, with significant variations by era and region. When alphabetic writing began, with the early Greek alphabet , the letter forms were similar but not identical to Phoenician, and vowels were added to the consonant-only Phoenician letters.
Adams Synchronological Chart or Map of History, originally published as Chronological Chart of Ancient, Modern and Biblical History is a wallchart which graphically depicts a Biblical genealogy alongside a timeline composed of historic sources from the history of humanity from 4004 BC to modern times.
The Phoenician alphabetic script was easy to write on papyrus or parchment sheets, and the use of these materials explains why virtually no Phoenician writings – no history, no trading records – have come down to us. In their cities by the sea, the air and soil were damp, and papyrus and leather moldered and rotted away.
Edomite – an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Edomite people mentioned in the Bible and Egyptian texts. Hebrew – the only Canaanite language that is a living language, and the most successful example of a revived dead language. [7] Moabite – an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Moabite people mentioned in the Bible.
The Old Testament does not use the term Phoenicians (an exonym given by the Greeks). Phoenician royalty are, however, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. These verses in the Old Testament add to the scarce historical literature mentioning the ancient people of the Levantine coasts.
The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. [5] They developed a maritime civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in ...
While no extant inscription in the Phoenician alphabet is older than c. 1050 BC, [12] Proto-Canaanite is used for the early alphabets as used during the 13th and 12th centuries BC in Phoenicia. [13] However, the Phoenician , Hebrew , and other Canaanite dialects were largely indistinguishable before the 11th century BC, and the writing system ...