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The Phoenician alphabetic script was easy to write on papyrus or parchment sheets, and the use of these materials explains why virtually no Phoenician writings – no history, no trading records – have come down to us. In their cities by the sea, the air and soil were damp, and papyrus and leather moldered and rotted away.
Full Title: The writing and language of all the surviving Phoenician remains, published and unpublished copies of the best examples, illustrated and explained by Wilhelm Gesenius. First part: Containing the first two books on Phoenician letters and inscriptions [p. i–xxviii, 1–260], therein:
The Phoenician letter forms shown are idealized: actual Phoenician writing is less uniform, with significant variations by era and region. When alphabetic writing began, with the early Greek alphabet , the letter forms were similar but not identical to Phoenician, and vowels were added to the consonant-only Phoenician letters.
Edomite – an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Edomite people mentioned in the Bible and Egyptian texts. Hebrew – the only Canaanite language that is a living language, and the most successful example of a revived dead language. [7] Moabite – an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Moabite people mentioned in the Bible.
The two most famous Phoenician women are political figures: Jezebel, portrayed in the Bible as the wicked princess of Sidon, and Dido, the semi-legendary founder and first queen of Carthage. In Virgil 's epic poem, the Aeneid , Dido is described as having been the co-ruler of Tyre, using cleverness to escape the tyranny of her brother Pygmalion ...
While no extant inscription in the Phoenician alphabet is older than c. 1050 BC, [12] Proto-Canaanite is used for the early alphabets as used during the 13th and 12th centuries BC in Phoenicia. [13] However, the Phoenician , Hebrew , and other Canaanite dialects were largely indistinguishable before the 11th century BC, and the writing system ...
The Phoenician city-states frequently rebelled against their Babylonian overlords, which resulted in almost yearly campaigns to repress the revolts. In 586 BC, fresh from the destruction of Jerusalem , Nebuchadnezzar and his army laid siege to Tyre , which had revolted.
The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. They developed a maritime civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in modern ...