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The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 [2] for UMTS, in TS 36.331 [3] for LTE and in TS 38.331 [4] for 5G New Radio. RRC messages are transported via the PDCP-Protocol.
The Radio Network Controller (RNC) is a governing element in the UMTS radio access network and is responsible for controlling the Node Bs that are connected to it. The RNC carries out radio resource management, some of the mobility management functions and is the point where encryption is done before user data is sent to and from the mobile.
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.323 [1] for UMTS, TS 36.323 [2] for LTE and TS 38.323 [3] for 5G. PDCP is located in the Radio Protocol Stack in the UMTS/LTE/5G air interface on top of the RLC layer. PDCP provides its services to the RRC and user plane upper layers, e.g. IP at the UE or to the relay at the ...
Dynamic RRM schemes adaptively adjust the radio network parameters to the traffic load, user positions, user mobility, quality of service requirements, base station density, etc. Dynamic RRM schemes are considered in the design of wireless systems, in view to minimize expensive manual cell planning and achieve "tighter" frequency reuse patterns, resulting in improved system spectral efficiency.
5G NR (5G New Radio) [1] is a radio access technology (RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project for the 5G (fifth generation) mobile network. [1] It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks. [ 2 ]
The UE (User Equipment) interface of the RAN (Radio Access Network) primarily consists of RRC (Radio Resource Control), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol), RLC (Radio Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control) protocols. RRC protocol handles connection establishment, measurements, radio bearer services, security and handover decisions.
A reconfigurable antenna is an antenna capable of modifying its frequency and radiation properties dynamically, in a controlled and reversible manner. [2] In order to provide a dynamic response, reconfigurable antennas integrate an inner mechanism (such as RF switches, varactors, mechanical actuators or tunable materials) that enable the intentional redistribution of the RF currents over the ...
The following parameters are the requirements for IMT-2020 5G candidate radio access technologies. [6] Note that these requirements are not intended to restrict the full range of capabilities or performance that candidate for IMT-2020 might achieve, nor are they intended to describe how the technologies might perform in actual deployments.