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The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 [2] for UMTS, in TS 36.331 [3] for LTE and in TS 38.331 [4] for 5G New Radio. RRC messages are transported via the PDCP-Protocol.
The Radio Network Controller (RNC) is a governing element in the UMTS radio access network and is responsible for controlling the Node Bs that are connected to it. The RNC carries out radio resource management, some of the mobility management functions and is the point where encryption is done before user data is sent to and from the mobile.
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.323 [1] for UMTS, TS 36.323 [2] for LTE and TS 38.323 [3] for 5G. PDCP is located in the Radio Protocol Stack in the UMTS/LTE/5G air interface on top of the RLC layer. PDCP provides its services to the RRC and user plane upper layers, e.g. IP at the UE or to the relay at the ...
RRC: [8] Between others it takes care of: the broadcast system information related to the access stratum and transport of the non-access stratum (NAS) messages, paging, establishment and release of the RRC connection, security key management, handover, UE measurements related to inter-system (inter-RAT) mobility, QoS, etc..
5G NR (5G New Radio) [1] is a radio access technology (RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project for the 5G (fifth generation) mobile network. [1] It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks. [ 2 ]
In mobile telephony a bearer service is a link between two points, which is defined by a certain set of characteristics. Whenever user equipment (UE) is being provided with any service (CS/PS service), the service has to be associated with a Radio Bearer specifying the configuration for layer 2 and physical layer in order to have its QoS clearly defined.
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.. SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple ...
The switching or reconfiguration functions of a ROADM can be achieved using a variety of switching technologies including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), liquid crystal, thermo optic and beam-steering switches in planar waveguide circuits, and tunable optical filter technology. MEMS and liquid crystal technologies are the most widely used.