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Syringe on left, hypodermic needle with attached colour coded Luer-Lock connector on right Hypodermic needle features. A hypodermic needle (from Greek ὑπο- (hypo-= under), and δέρμα (derma = skin)) is a very thin, hollow tube with one sharp tip. It is one of a category of medical tools which enter the skin, called sharps. [1]
Measuring 3 cm (1.18 in) long and 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter, his syringe was entirely in silver, [2] made by Établissements Charrière, and operated by a screw (rather than the plunger familiar today) to control the amount of substance injected. The Scottish doctor Alexander Wood invented the syringe as used today - also in 1853. Wood's device ...
Illustration of Rynd's hypodermic needle shown at F of Fig. 1. In a 12 March 1845 article in the Dublin Medical Press, Rynd outlined how he had injected painkillers into a patient with a hypodermic syringe in on 3 June 1844: [6] [7]
They were presumably invented so that measured amounts of a medicinal substance could be delivered to a patient. 510–430 BC – Alcmaeon of Croton scientific anatomic dissections. He studied the optic nerves and the brain, arguing that the brain was the seat of the senses and intelligence.
Through many millennia, various suture materials were used or proposed. Needles were made of bone or metals such as silver, copper, and aluminium bronze wire. Sutures were made of plant materials (flax, hemp and cotton) or animal material (hair, tendons, arteries, muscle strips and nerves, silk, and catgut). [citation needed]
Permanent body piercings are performed by creating an opening in the body using a sharp object through the area to be pierced. This can either be done by puncturing an opening using a needle (usually a hollow medical needle) or scalpel or by removing tissue, either with a dermal punch or through scalpelling. Tools used in body piercing include:
1350. About this time the Black Death devastated Europe. 1453. The Fall of Constantinople caused many scholars to flee to Europe bringing medical-surgical manuscripts with them. 1536. Ambroise Pare discovered that cold poultices are better than hot oil. 1543. Andreas Vesalius published The Fabric of the Human Body. 1721.
The Greeks also acknowledged the importance of wound closure, and were the first to differentiate between acute and chronic wounds, calling them "fresh" and "non-healing", respectively. Galen of Pergamum, a Greek surgeon who served Roman gladiators circa 120–201 A.D., made many contributions to the field of wound care. [9]