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The following are several international standards for fiber-reinforced concrete: [35] BS EN 14889-1:2006 – Fibres for Concrete. Steel Fibres. Definitions, specifications & conformity; BS EN 14845-1:2007 – Test methods for fibres in concrete; ASTM A820-16 – Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (superseded)
Shotcrete, gunite (/ ˈ ɡ ʌ n aɪ t /), or sprayed concrete is concrete or mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface. This construction technique was invented by Carl Akeley and first used in 1907. [1]: 7 The concrete is typically reinforced by conventional steel rods, steel mesh, or fibers.
Traditional rebars are generally used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete in a particular direction, whereas steel fibers are useful for multidirectional reinforcement. This is one of the reasons why steel fiber reinforced (shotcrete form) concrete successfully replaced weldmesh in lining tunnels. Less labour is required.
The first known use of any fiber pipe was in an experimental water delivery line in the Boston, Massachusetts, area. The pipeline, finished in 1867, measured 1.5 miles in length and was in use through 1927. Bituminized pipe was not in widespread commercial use until the late 19th century when it was used exclusively as electrical conduit. [1]
The second main type of concrete pump, commonly referred to as a "line pump" or trailer-mounted concrete pump, is either mounted on a truck or placed on a trailer. This pump requires steel or flexible concrete placing hoses to be manually attached to the outlet of the machine and feed the concrete to the place of application. The length of the ...
(2) The thermal expansion coefficients of concrete and steel are so close (1.0 × 10 −5 to 1.5 × 10 −5 for concrete and 1.2 × 10 −5 for steel) that the thermal stress-induced damage to the bond between the two components can be prevented. (3) Concrete can protect the embedded steel from corrosion and high-temperature induced softening.
This occurrence is hindered by the presence of fiber bridging, a property that most HPFRCCs are specifically designed to possess. Fiber bridging is the act of several fibers exerting a force across the width of a crack in an attempt to prevent the crack from developing further. This capability is what gives bendable concrete its ductile properties.
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. [1]
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