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Arduino 3.2 in × 2.1 in [ 81.3 mm × 53.3 mm ] DE-9 serial connection native The first board labelled "Arduino". Arduino USB [45] Arduino Yes ATmega8 [44] 16 MHz Arduino 3.2 in × 2.1 in [ 81.3 mm × 53.3 mm ] USB FTDI FT232BM Arduino USB v2.0 Changed: USB replaces RS-232 interface, Improved: Arduino can be powered from host
Compatible with Arduino with servo ports - added features: External DC power socket (7 VDC to 20 VDC) or USB powered. On-board 5 V regulator with heatsink area for efficient 1000 mA output. Has built in ICSP port for on the fly programming (P1). Robotics ready (has 4 servo ports P3 and P2). GSTduino ATmega328 Green System Technology [69]
Microchip Technology provides a detailed ICSP programming guide [4] Many sites provide programming and circuit examples. PICs are programmed using five signals (a sixth pin 'aux' is provided but not used). The data is transferred using a two-wire synchronous serial scheme, three more wires provide programming and chip power.
Compilers and assemblers are used to convert both high-level and assembly language code into a compact machine code for storage in the microcontroller's memory. Depending on the device, the program memory may be permanent, read-only memory that can only be programmed at the factory, or it may be field-alterable flash or erasable read-only memory.
Processing has spawned another project, Wiring, which uses the Processing IDE with a collection of libraries written in the C++ language as a way to teach artists how to program microcontrollers. [18] There are now two separate hardware projects, Wiring and Arduino, using the Wiring environment and language.
Only the JTAG port uses conventional 2.54 mm pinout. All the other AVR I/O ports require more compact 1.27 mm headers. The AVR Dragon can both program and debug since the 32 KB limitation was removed in AVR Studio 4.18, and the JTAGICE mkII is capable of both programming and debugging the processor.
For those who are more comfortable with the Arduino, there is also another software Energia, an open source electronics prototyping platform with the goal to bring the Wiring and Arduino framework to the Texas Instruments MSP430 based LaunchPad where Arduino code can be exported for programming MSP430 chips. The latest release of Energia ...
A program for Arduino hardware may be written in any programming language with compilers that produce binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a development environment for their 8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM Cortex-M based microcontrollers: AVR Studio (older) and Atmel Studio (newer).