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Hematoma can also be a consequence of breast surgery, usually due to post-operative bleeding. Bleeding may occur shortly after the intervention or a number of days later and can occur for cosmetic surgery (for example breast reduction or breast enhancement) and for non-cosmetic surgery (for example lymph node removal, lumpectomy, or mastectomy).
Free-flap breast reconstruction is a type of autologous-tissue breast reconstruction applied after mastectomy for breast cancer, without the emplacement of a breast implant prosthesis. As a type of plastic surgery, the free-flap procedure for breast reconstruction employs tissues, harvested from another part of the woman's body, to create a ...
The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection [5] [6]), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long ...
Bilaterally, the internal thoracic vein arises from the superior epigastric vein, and accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course. [1] It drains the intercostal veins, although the posterior drainage is often handled by the azygous veins. [1] It terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. [2] It has a width of 2-3 mm. [3]
In medicine, vein graft failure (VGF) is a condition in which vein grafts, which are used as alternative conduits in bypass surgeries (e.g. CABG), get occluded. Veins, mainly the great saphenous vein (GSV) are the most frequently used conduits in bypass surgeries ( CABG or PABG), due to their ease of use and availability. [ 1 ]
Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) extension to the deep vein system and/or recurrence of SVT. Suppurative thrombophlebitis is suspected when erythema extends significantly beyond the margin of the vein and is likely to be associated with significant fever. If suspected, antibiotic treatment, surgical drainage, and potentially vein excision are ...
Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure that treats breast cancer by removing the breast and its underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla (armpit). Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women.
In the legs, bypass grafting is used to treat peripheral vascular disease, acute limb ischemia, aneurysms and trauma.While there are many anatomical arrangements for vascular bypass grafts in the lower extremities depending on the location of the disease, the principle is the same: to restore blood flow to an area without normal flow.