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Abdominal muscles cover the anterior and lateral abdominal region and meet at the anterior midline. These muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall can be divided into four groups: the external obliques , the internal obliques , the transversus abdominis , and the rectus abdominis .
The muscle extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of the 5th–7th ribs superiorly. [1] [2] The rectus abdominis muscle is contained in the rectus sheath, which consists of the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles.
The external oblique functions to pull the chest downwards and compress the abdominal cavity, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure as in a Valsalva maneuver.It also performs ipsilateral (same side) side-bending and contralateral (opposite side) rotation: the right external oblique would side-bend to the right and rotate to the left, and vice versa.
In layman's terms, the muscle ends in the middle line of a person's abdomen. [ 1 ] : 248–250 Throughout the rest of its extent the aponeurosis passes horizontally to the middle line, and is inserted into the linea alba ; its upper three-fourths lie behind the rectus muscle and blend with the posterior lamella of the aponeurosis of the ...
The muscle fibers run from these points superomedially (up and towards midline) to the muscle's insertions on the inferior borders of the 10th through 12th ribs and the linea alba. In males, the cremaster muscle is also attached to the internal oblique.
Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a nerve entrapment condition that causes chronic pain of the abdominal wall. [1] It occurs when nerve endings of the lower thoracic intercostal nerves (7–12) are 'entrapped' in abdominal muscles, causing a severe localized nerve (neuropathic) pain that is usually experienced at the front of the abdomen.
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other. [2] [1]: 1137 It ...
Abdominal muscles have many important functions, including breathing, coughing, and sneezing, and maintaining posture and speech in a number of species. [4] Other abdominal functions are that it helps "in the function of support, containment of viscera, and help in the process of expiration, defecation, urination, vomiting, and also at the time of childbirth."