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Alternatively, the distribution of male and female tissue can be more haphazard. Bilateral gynandromorphy arises very early in development, typically when the organism has between 8 and 64 cells. [25] Later stages produce a more random pattern. [citation needed] A notable example in birds is the zebra finch.
The zebra finch genome was the second bird genome to be sequenced, in 2008, after that of the chicken. [32] The Australian zebra finch uses an acoustic signal to communicate to embryos. It gives an incubation call to its eggs when the weather is hot—above 26 °C (79 °F)—and when the end of their incubation period is near.
[2] [22] When male and female European starlings are trained to recognize conspecific song, there is an associated change in the response of CMM neurons, [28] and female zebra finches experience a reduced ability to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific song following lesions to the region. [29]
The Australian zebra finch is used worldwide in several research fields (e.g. neurobiology, physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution) as individuals are easy to maintain and breed in captivity. [12] Zebra finches are more social than many migratory birds, generally traveling in small bands and sometimes gathering in larger groups. [13]
Zebra finches: researchers conducted a problem-solving experiment similar to the one described above. [104] However, male problem-solving performance was not found to influence female mating preferences. Instead, females had a significant preference for males with better foraging efficiency.
The absence of song learning in zebra finches has also been implicated as a behavioural abnormality. [38] In these birds, the social interaction of a young male with his song tutor is important for normal song development. Without the stimulus, the song, which is necessary for mating behavior, will not be learned.
For example, male zebra finches appear to prefer mates with the appearance of the female bird that rears them. [7] Sexual attraction to humans can develop in non-human mammals or birds as a result of sexual imprinting when reared from young by humans. One example is London Zoo female giant panda Chi Chi.
For example, zebra finches, although socially monogamous, are not sexually monogamous and hence do engage in extra-pair courtship and attempts at copulation. [22] In a laboratory study, female zebra finches copulated over several days, many times with one male and only once with another male.