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  2. Quantum mechanics of time travel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics_of_time...

    Seth Lloyd proposed an alternative approach to time travel with closed timelike curves (CTCs), based on "post-selection" and path integrals. [21] Path integrals are a powerful tool in quantum mechanics that involve summing probabilities over all possible ways a system could evolve, including paths that do not strictly follow a single timeline ...

  3. Limit cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_cycle

    Stable limit cycle (shown in bold) and two other trajectories spiraling into it Stable limit cycle (shown in bold) for the Van der Pol oscillator. In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity or as ...

  4. Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy...

    The spatial coordinates and the time are discrete-valued independent variables, which are placed at regular distances called the interval length [3] and the time step, respectively. Using these names, the CFL condition relates the length of the time step to a function of the interval lengths of each spatial coordinate and of the maximum speed ...

  5. Limit set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_set

    In mathematics, especially in the study of dynamical systems, a limit set is the state a dynamical system reaches after an infinite amount of time has passed, by either going forward or backwards in time. Limit sets are important because they can be used to understand the long term behavior of a dynamical system.

  6. Rate of convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_convergence

    In asymptotic analysis in general, one sequence () that converges to a limit is said to asymptotically converge to with a faster order of convergence than another sequence () that converges to in a shared metric space with distance metric | |, such as the real numbers or complex numbers with the ordinary absolute difference metrics, if

  7. List of limits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_limits

    If () for all x in an interval that contains c, except possibly c itself, and the limit of () and () both exist at c, then [5] () If lim x → c f ( x ) = lim x → c h ( x ) = L {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to c}f(x)=\lim _{x\to c}h(x)=L} and f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ≤ h ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)\leq g(x)\leq h(x)} for all x in an open interval that ...

  8. Chronology protection conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_protection...

    The chronology protection conjecture is a hypothesis first proposed by Stephen Hawking that laws of physics beyond those of standard general relativity prevent time travel—even when the latter theory states that it should be possible (such as in scenarios where faster than light travel is allowed).

  9. Limit (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_(mathematics)

    On the other hand, if X is the domain of a function f(x) and if the limit as n approaches infinity of f(x n) is L for every arbitrary sequence of points {x n} in Xx 0 which converges to x 0, then the limit of the function f(x) as x approaches x 0 is equal to L. [10] One such sequence would be {x 0 + 1/n}.