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A type of leukemia is the second most common form of cancer in infants (under the age of 12 months) and the most common form of cancer in older children. [83] Boys are somewhat more likely to develop leukemia than girls, and white American children are almost twice as likely to develop leukemia than black American children. [ 83 ]
A myeloid sarcoma (chloroma, granulocytic sarcoma, [1]: 744 extramedullary myeloid tumor) is a solid tumor composed of immature white blood cells [2] called myeloblasts. A chloroma is an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia ; in other words, it is a solid collection of leukemic cells occurring outside of the bone marrow .
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. [8] [9] In CLL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. [8] [9] In patients with CLL, B cell lymphocytes can begin to collect in their blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
While uncommon in solid tumors, chromosomal translocations are a common cause of these diseases. This commonly leads to a different approach in diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. [1]
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents approximately 20% of adults and 80% of childhood leukemias, making it the most common childhood cancer. [5] Although 80 to 90% of children will have a long-term complete response with treatment, [ 45 ] : 1527 it remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among children.
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow. [6] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a condition, wherein immature white blood cells accumulate in the bone marrow and crowd out normal white blood cells. [ 7 ]
Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in babies and the third-most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. [5] About one in every 7,000 children is affected at some time. [2] About 90% of cases occur in children less than 5 years old, and it is rare in adults. [2] [3] Of cancer deaths in children, about 15% are due to ...