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  2. Advanced oxidation process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_oxidation_process

    These reactive species can be applied in water and can oxidize virtually any compound present in the water matrix, often at a diffusion-controlled reaction speed. Consequently, ·OH reacts unselectively once formed and contaminants will be quickly and efficiently fragmented and converted into small inorganic molecules.

  3. Phenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

    Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).

  4. Phosphoric acids and phosphates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Phosphoric_acids_and_phosphates

    The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n+2−2x P n O 3n+1−x, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure, between 0 and ⁠ n + 2 / 2 ⁠. Pyrophosphate anion. Trimethyl orthophosphate.

  5. Boiler feedwater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_feedwater

    The treatment of boiler water can be put into two parts. These are internal treatment and external treatment. (Sendelbach, p. 131) [4] The internal treatment is for boiler feed water and external treatment is for make-up feed water and the condensate part of the system. Internal treatment protects against feed water hardness by preventing ...

  6. Colorimetric analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorimetric_analysis

    Colorimetric analysis is a method of determining the concentration of a chemical element or chemical compound in a solution with the aid of a color reagent.It is applicable to both organic compounds and inorganic compounds and may be used with or without an enzymatic stage.

  7. Nonylphenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonylphenol

    Nonylphenol is partially removed during municipal wastewater treatment due to sorption to suspended solids and biotransformation. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Many products that contain nonylphenol have "down-the-drain" applications, such as laundry and dish soap, so the contaminants are frequently introduced into the water supply.

  8. Phosphorous acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorous_acid

    It is also used as a strong reducing agent and in the production of synthetic fibres, organophosphorus pesticides, and the highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP. Ferrous materials, including steel, may be somewhat protected by promoting oxidation ("rust") and then converting the oxidation to a metalophosphate by using phosphoric acid and ...

  9. Ethanol precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_precipitation

    The first hydration shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water. DNA is typically separated from other cell constituents in a two-phase solution of phenol and water. Due to its highly charged phosphate backbone DNA is polar and will concentrate in the water phase while lipids and proteins will concentrate in the phenol phase.