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Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is an acute condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease.
The Liver Injury Scale classification (2018 revision) [1] [2] [10] Grade Subcapsular hematoma Laceration Vascular injury I <10% surface area <1 cm in depth - II: 10–50% surface area: 1–3 cm - III >50% or >10 cm >3 cm Any injury in the presence of a liver vascular injury or active bleeding contained within liver parenchyma IV: 25–75% of a ...
The treatment of hepatic encephalopathy depends on the suspected underlying cause (types A, B, or C) and the presence or absence of underlying causes. If encephalopathy develops in acute liver failure (type A), even in a mild form (grade 1–2), it indicates that a liver transplant may be required, and transfer to a specialist centre is advised ...
Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).
Treatment generally includes supportive care including pain management and possibly diuretics. [5] In those with severe disease due to a bone marrow transplant, defibrotide is a proposed treatment. [6] It has been approved for use in severe cases in Europe and the United States. [7] [8] A placebo controlled trial, however, has not been done as ...
Bleeding from the liver might be controlled by application of hemostatic sponges, thrombin, or more recently, argon beam cauterization. [ citation needed ] With modern diagnostic aids such as computed tomography (CT) scans, certain injuries such as low-grade lacerations of the spleen may be diagnosed early and observed, with surgical options ...
Liver diseases, including conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis, are significant public health concerns worldwide. In the United States, NAFLD is the most common chronic liver condition, affecting approximately 24% of the population, with the prevalence rising due ...
Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). [ 1 ] Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure ( ACLF ) is increasingly being recognized.