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1892 illustration of Moctezuma II. Moctezuma Xocoyotzin [N.B. 1] (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), retroactively referred to in European sources as Moctezuma II, [N.B. 2] was the ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica Empire), [1] reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520.
Led by the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II, the Aztec Empire had established dominance over central Mexico through military conquest and intricate alliances. Because the Aztec Empire ruled via hegemonic control by maintaining local leadership and relying on the psychological perception of Aztec power — backed by military force — the Aztecs ...
Moctezuma II instituted more imperial reforms. [40] The death of Nezahualcoyotl caused the Mexica Emperors to become the de facto rulers of the alliance. Moctezuma II used his reign to attempt to consolidate power more closely with the Mexica Emperor. [43] He removed many of Ahuitzotl's advisors and had several of them executed. [40]
Moctezuma II was, although many sources depict him otherwise, a notable warrior who extended the tributary system, and consolidated the conquests made by his predecessors as well as conquering new territories. His campaigns reached as far south as Tapachula in the Soconusco region and the Chontal Maya states of Xicallanco in Tabasco.
From 1519 to 1521, Hernán Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, ruled by Moctezuma II. From the territories of the Aztec Empire, conquistadors expanded Spanish rule to northern Central America and parts of what is now the southern and western United States, and from Mexico sailing the Pacific Ocean to the Spanish East Indies.
Depiction of Weyi Tlahtoani, or Emperor Moctezuma II of the Mexica. The Mexica, Maya, Olmec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Purépecha, Tlaxcaltec, and many other Indigenous peoples of present-day Mexico developed strong hierarchical societies based on hereditary privileges and obligations which were passed down to individuals in regards to the historical roles played by their ancestors in politics, war and ...
While slavery could not be inherited, in Mexica society, one could live indefinitely as a slave. For example, Moctezuma II, in addition to confiscating property, would condemn traitors, or their families, to slavery for life. He would also do the same to astrologers who failed to predict the occurrence of omens.
Moctezuma II, husband of Tlapalizquixochtzin. She was born as a Princess – daughter of Matlaccoatzin and thus a granddaughter of the King Chimalpilli I and sister of Princess Tlacuilolxochtzin. [2] Tlapalizquixochtzin married Aztec emperor Moctezuma II (c. 1466 – June 1520). Their daughter was Doña Francisca de Moctezuma. [2]