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Clostridioides difficile (syn. Clostridium difficile) is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. [4] [5] It is known also as C. difficile, or C. diff (/ s iː d ɪ f /), and is a Gram-positive species of spore-forming bacteria. [6]
Clostridioides difficile infection [5] (CDI or C-diff), also known as Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium Clostridioides difficile. [6] Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. [1] It makes up about 20% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. [1]
This treatment replenishes Ig subtypes that the person lacks, is given at frequent intervals for life, and is thought to help reduce bacterial infections and boost immune function. [25] Before therapy begins, plasma donations are tested for known blood-borne pathogens, then pooled and processed to obtain concentrated IgG samples.
C. difficile is an opportunistic bacteria that commonly infects patients following a disruption in the microbiome, such as treatment with antibiotics. [51] [52] Infection can lead to several different symptoms including watery diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and abdominal pain. [53]
The genus Clostridioides was created to describe a few species formerly in the genus Clostridium which have been shown to be their own genetically distinct genus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. [2]
Specific risk factors may predict worse outcomes and a higher risk of mortality in people with ulcerative colitis, including C. difficile infection [19] and cytomegalovirus infection (due to reactivation). [175]
Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel.
Infection is a major cause of mortality in patients with pancreatitis, and these patients are known to be prone to infections in a variety of organ systems. [8] The majority of patients with pancreatitis have damage to the gut barrier, allowing gut bacteria to bypass this barrier and cause infection. Some species of gut bacteria are also known ...
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