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Diamond is extremely strong owing to its crystal structure, known as diamond cubic, in which each carbon atom has four neighbors covalently bonded to it. Bulk cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is nearly as hard as diamond. Diamond reacts with some materials, such as steel, and c-BN wears less when cutting or abrading such material. [4]
Diamond and graphite materials and structure. Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where the atoms are arranged in a modified version of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure known as "diamond cubic". It is known for its hardness (see table above) and incompressibility and is targeted for some potential optical and electrical applications.
Graphite, a 3D counterpart to graphene, exhibits a basal plane thermal conductivity exceeding 1000 W⋅m −1 ⋅K −1 (similar to diamond), In graphite, the c-axis (out of plane) thermal conductivity is over a factor of ~100 smaller due to the weak binding forces between basal planes as well as the larger lattice spacing. [179]
The most common alloy used for aluminium tread plate is 6061, although 5086-H34 and 3003-H231 are also used. [1] Diamond plate is usually steel, stainless steel or aluminium. Steel types are normally made by hot rolling, although modern manufacturers also make a raised and pressed diamond design. [citation needed]
In the last column, major departures of solids at standard temperatures from the Dulong–Petit law value of 3 R, are usually due to low atomic weight plus high bond strength (as in diamond) causing some vibration modes to have too much energy to be available to store thermal energy at the measured temperature.
The plate distance is one centimeter, the special conductivity values were calculated from the Lasance approximation formula in The Thermal conductivity of Air at Reduced Pressures and Length Scales [28] and the primary values were taken from Weast at the normal pressure tables in the CRC handbook on page E2.
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Rapid conversion of graphite to diamond requires pressures well above the equilibrium line: at 2000 K, a pressure of 35 GPa (about 350,000 standard atmospheres) is needed. [10] Above the graphite–diamond–liquid carbon triple point, the melting point of diamond increases slowly with increasing pressure; but at pressures of hundreds of GPa ...