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Turn-taking is a type of organization in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in alternating turns. In practice, it involves processes for constructing contributions, responding to previous comments, and transitioning to a different speaker, using a variety of linguistic and non-linguistic cues.
The analysis of turn-taking started with the description in a model in the paper known as the Simplest Systematics, [7] which was very programmatic for the field of Conversation analysis and one of the most cited papers published in the journal Language. [13]
A turn construction unit (TCU) is the fundamental segment of speech in a conversation, as analysed in conversation analysis.. The idea was introduced in "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation" by Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson in 1974. [1]
Along with Sacks and Schegloff, Jefferson is also known for her studies of turn-taking in conversation. [4] While working with Sacks, Jefferson’s contribution to the study of Conversation Analysis was particularly significant at the time, as Conversation Analysis was not only a new field in sociology but also indicated the beginning of the ...
Adjacency pairs are most commonly found in what Schegloff and Sacks described as a "single conversation," a unit of communication in which a single person speaks and a second person replies to the first speaker's utterance. While the turn-taking mechanism of single conversation uses silence to indicate that the next speaker's turn may begin ...
Participants in a conversation can predict where a possible TRP might occur using semantic and syntactic cues present in another speaker's utterance. Speakers can construct and allocate opportunities to speak in conversations through turn-taking organization. [7] This can be done through completions or expansions.
Processing and decoding social cues is an important part of everyday human interaction (e.g. turn-taking in conversation [7]), and therefore a critical skill for communication and social understanding.
Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. [ citation needed ] The objects of discourse analysis ( discourse , writing, conversation, communicative event ) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences ...