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Stars that have magnitudes between 1.5 and 2.5 are called second-magnitude; there are some 20 stars brighter than 1.5, which are first-magnitude stars (see the list of brightest stars). For example, Sirius is magnitude −1.46, Arcturus is −0.04, Aldebaran is 0.85, Spica is 1.04, and Procyon is 0.34.
Stars with sizeable sunspots may show significant variations in brightness as they rotate, and brighter areas of the surface are brought into view. Bright spots also occur at the magnetic poles of magnetic stars. Stars with ellipsoidal shapes may also show changes in brightness as they present varying areas of their surfaces to the observer. [31]
Artist's concept of an "uneven ring of dust" orbiting KIC 8462852, also known as Tabby's Star. This list of stars that have unusual dimming periods is a table of stars that have been observed to darken and brighten and do not appear to be eclipsing binaries or intrinsic variables. It is based on studies searching for analogs of Tabby's Star. [1 ...
This implies that a star of magnitude m is about 2.512 times as bright as a star of magnitude m + 1. This figure, the fifth root of 100 , became known as Pogson's Ratio. [ 9 ] The 1884 Harvard Photometry and 1886 Potsdamer Duchmusterung star catalogs popularized Pogson's ratio, and eventually it became a de facto standard in modern astronomy to ...
The spectra of red supergiants are similar to other cool stars, dominated by a forest of absorption lines of metals and molecular bands. Some of these features are used to determine the luminosity class, for example certain near-infrared cyanogen band strengths and the Ca II triplet .
Some of those being the southern polar ice cap of Mars, as well as the canyon systems of Valles Marineris and Olympus Mons, which happens to be the solar system’s largest volcano.
Most stars on this list appear bright from Earth because they are nearby, not because they are intrinsically luminous. For a list which compensates for the distances, converting the apparent magnitude to the absolute magnitude, see the list of most luminous stars. Some major asterisms, which feature many of the brightest stars in the night sky
In other words, less light might just be the key to better sleep. Read on to learn more about the effects of light pollution—and how to combat it. Light Pollution's Already Keeping You Up at Night