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The most common cause of blunt cardiac injury (BCI) is due to motor vehicle collisions. [4] In evaluating causes for BCI, it is important to understand how the heart is situated within the thorax. It is protected to a certain degree by bony structures like the sternum, ribs and spine, thereby offering it significant protection and thus ...
As this process is repeated, it eventually damages tissue enough to cause a wound. [4] The main reason for the acute phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury is oxygen deprivation and, therefore, arrest of generation of ATP (cellular energy currency) by mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Tissue damage due to the general energy deficit during ...
In coronary heart disease, the coronary arteries narrow due to the buildup of atheroma or fatty deposits on the vessel walls. The atheroma causes the blood flow of the arteries to be restricted. [6] By restricting the blood flow, the tissue is still receiving some oxygen, but not enough to sustain the tissue over time. [5]
The most common cause of myocardial rupture is a recent myocardial infarction, with the rupture typically occurring three to five days after infarction. [3] Other causes of rupture include cardiac trauma, endocarditis (infection of the heart), [4] [5] cardiac tumors, infiltrative diseases of the heart, [4] and aortic dissection. [citation needed]
The resulting ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or kill heart muscle tissue . Histopathology at high magnification of a normal brain neuron, and a brain infarction at approximately 24 hours on H&E stain : The neurons become hypereosinophilic and there ...
A hemorrhagic infarct is determined when hemorrhage is present around an area of infarction. Simply stated, an infarction is an area of dead tissue or necrosis. [1] When blood escapes outside of the vessel (extravasation) and re-perfuses back into the tissue surrounding the infarction, the infarction is then termed a hemorrhagic infarct (infarction). [1]
Reduced blood flow to the heart associated with coronary ischemia can result in inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle. [6] When oxygen supply to the heart is unable to keep up with oxygen demand from the muscle, the result is the characteristic symptoms of coronary ischemia, the most common of which is chest pain. [6]
More severe injuries to the brain cause moderate TBI, which may cause confusion or lethargy, or severe TBI, which may result in a coma or a secondary brain injury. TBI is a leading cause of mortality. [47] Approximately half of all trauma-related deaths involve TBI. [12] Non-traumatic injuries to the brain cause acquired brain injury (ABI).