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Hunger is a sensation that motivates the consumption of food. The sensation of hunger typically manifests after only a few hours without eating and is generally considered to be unpleasant. Satiety occurs between 5 and 20 minutes after eating. [1] There are several theories about how the feeling of hunger arises. [2]
Adipsia, also known as hypodipsia, is a symptom of inappropriately decreased or absent feelings of thirst. [1] [2] It involves an increased osmolality or concentration of solute in the urine, which stimulates secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus to the kidneys.
Thirst (1886), by William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Thirst is the craving for potable fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. [1] It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as sodium.
[1] [2] [3] The human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis and generating the sense of hunger by integrating a number of biochemical signals that transmit information about energy balance. [2] [3] [4] Fifty percent of the energy from glucose metabolism is immediately converted to heat. [5]
Homeostatic feeling is a class of feelings (e.g. thirst, fatigue, pain, desire, malaise, well-being) that inform us about our physiological condition. [1] In his earlier work Antonio Damasio used " primordial feeling " but he now prefers the term "homeostatic feeling" for the class.
A body water loss of 1-2%, considered mild dehydration, is shown to impair cognitive performance. [8] While in people over age 50, the body's thirst sensation diminishes with age, a study found that there was no difference in fluid intake between young and old people. [9]
Anorexia is a relatively common condition that can lead patients to have dangerous electrolyte imbalances, leading to acquired long QT syndrome which can result in sudden cardiac death. This can develop over a prolonged period of time, and the risk is further heightened when feeding resumes after a period of abstaining from consumption. [19]
Changes in hormones associated with the female menstrual cycle can lead to extreme hunger right before the period. Spikes in estrogen and progesterone and decreased serotonin can lead to cravings for carbohydrates and fats. [5] Polyphagia is found in the following conditions: [6] Chromosome 22q13 duplication syndrome; Chromosome 2p25.3 deletion ...