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The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parent Rating Scale (SNAP), developed by James Swanson, Edith Nolan and William Pelham, is a 90-question self-report inventory designed to measure attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in children and young adults. [1]
A score of 1 or 2 on at least one question in the performance section indicates impairment. The rules for scoring are as follows: ADHD inattentive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 1–9. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 10–18.
The questionnaire is quite brief with 25 questions and, depending on the version, a few questions about how the child is affected by the difficulties in their everyday life. [1] Versions of it are available for use for no fee. The combination of its brevity and noncommercial distribution have made it popular among clinicians and researchers.
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders found in children. [3]The ADHD-RS was created by George J. DuPaul, Thomas J. Power, Arthur D. Anastopoulos, and Robert Reid to address the need for an effective evaluation for children and adolescents suspected of having ADHD. [3]
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.Approaches that have been evaluated in the management of ADHD symptoms include FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment and other pharmaceutical agents, psychological or behavioral approaches, combined pharmacological and behavioral approaches, cognitive training ...
Across versions, the first pages of the CBCL record demographic information and ratings of positive behaviors, academic functioning (school aged version only), and social competence. The last two pages list common behavior problems, each listed as a brief statement about the child's behavior, e.g., Acts too young for his/her age.
At least one study has found that the six question ASRS Screener outperformed the eighteen question ASRS in diagnosing ADHD in the general population. [6] ASRS has been translated to other languages including Spanish and Chinese. [7] [8] Conducted research proved that the scale is a valid and useful tool for the screening of adult ADHD. [9]