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Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity.
Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding up as the gravitational ...
Once we started going to space, time dilation became a thing we actually had to deal with. GPS satellites, for example, are 20,000 km up going 14,000 km/hour. So, relative to an observer on the ...
Time is a slippery thing, as profound thinkers like physicist Albert Einstein and, well, fictional time traveler Dr. Who plainly understood. Scientists made that point anew on Monday in a study ...
t is the time between these same two events, but as measured in the stationary reference frame; v is the speed of the moving reference frame relative to the stationary one; c is the speed of light. Moving objects therefore are said to show a slower passage of time. This is known as time dilation.
In the second method, times and are not equal due to time dilation, resulting in different lengths too. The deviation between the measurements in all inertial frames is given by the formulas for Lorentz transformation and time dilation (see Derivation). It turns out that the proper length remains unchanged and always denotes the greatest length ...
This combines the effects of time dilation due to motion (by factor α = 0.6, five years on Earth are 3 years on ship) and the effect of increasing light-time-delay (which grows from 0 to 4 years). Of course, the observed frequency of the transmission is also 1 ⁄ 3 the frequency of the transmitter (a reduction in frequency; "red-shifted").
The time the muons need from 1917m to 0m should be about 6.4 μs. Assuming a mean lifetime of 2.2 μs, only 27 muons would reach this location if there were no time dilation. However, approximately 412 muons per hour arrived in Cambridge, resulting in a time dilation factor of 8.8 ± 0.8.