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  2. Galvanization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanization

    These plaques can flake off, leading to visible impurities in water and a slight metallic taste. The life expectancy of galvanized piping is about 40–50 years, [12] but it may vary on how well the pipes were built and installed. Pipe longevity also depends on the thickness of zinc in the original galvanizing, which ranges on a scale from G01 ...

  3. Flint water crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis

    From August 2015 to November 2016, median water lead levels began to go down again depending on the type of water service pipes each home had. In homes with copper pipes, the median water lead level dropped from 3.0 micrograms per liter (μg/L) to <1 μg/L; galvanized steel service lines dropped from a median water lead level of 7.2 μg/L to 1. ...

  4. Lead contamination in Washington, D.C., drinking water

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_contamination_in...

    While performing research into premature pipe corrosion for the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (WASA) in 2001, Marc Edwards, an expert in plumbing corrosion, discovered lead levels in the drinking water of Washington, D.C., at least 83 times higher than the accepted safe limit.

  5. Galvanic corrosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_corrosion

    Galvanic corrosion (also called bimetallic corrosion or dissimilar metal corrosion) is an electrochemical process in which one metal corrodes preferentially when it is in electrical contact with another, in the presence of an electrolyte.

  6. Hot-dip galvanization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot-dip_galvanization

    Galvanized fumes are released when the galvanized metal reaches a certain temperature. This temperature varies by the galvanization process used. In long-term, continuous exposure, the recommended maximum temperature for hot-dip galvanized steel is 200 °C (392 °F), according to the American Galvanizers Association.

  7. Plumbing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing

    Old water pipe, remnant of the Machine de Marly near Versailles, France. Lead was the favoured material for water pipes for many centuries because its malleability made it practical to work into the desired shape. Such use was so common that the word "plumbing" derives from plumbum, the Latin word for lead.

  8. Cast iron pipe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe

    Cast iron pipes piled up near the construction site. Cast iron pipe is pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron.It was historically used as a pressure pipe for transmission of water, gas and sewage, and as a water drainage pipe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.

  9. Lead and Copper Rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_and_Copper_Rule

    EPA illustration of lead sources in residential buildings Infographic about lead in drinking water. The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) is a United States federal regulation that limits the concentration of lead and copper allowed in public drinking water at the consumer's tap, as well as limiting the permissible amount of pipe corrosion occurring due to the water itself. [1]