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Period Events c. 600 BCE: The production process of Wootz steel began in the 6th century BCE and was exported globally by the Chera dynasty as what was termed as "the finest steel in the world," i.e. Seric Iron to the Romans, Egyptians, Chinese and Arabs by 500 BCE and was used to make the famous damascus blades.
Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning from the 3rd century BCE to the seventh century CE. [4] [5] Prior to Old Tamil, the period of Tamil linguistic development is termed as Proto-Tamil. After the Old Tamil period, Tamil becomes Middle Tamil. The earliest records in Old Tamil are inscriptions from between the 3rd and 1st ...
The region of Tamil Nadu in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. [1] [2] Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures.
The Tamil grammar is classified into five divisions, namely eḻuttu (letter), sol (word), poruḷ (content), yāppu (prosody), and aṇi (figure of speech). [31] [32] Since the later part of the 19th century, Tamils made the language as a key part of the Tamil identity and personified the language in the form of Tamil̲taay ("Tamil mother"). [33]
Tamil dynasties (தமிழ் பேரரசுகள்) are the kingdoms who ruled over present day Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Odisha. These include the Pallavas , the Pandyas , the Cholas and the Cheras .
By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature, generally dated from the last centuries of the pre-Christian era to the early centuries of the Christian era. [2] [3] [4] It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets.
Recently old literature in Gondi has been discovered as well. [146] The earliest known Dravidian inscriptions are 76 Old Tamil inscriptions on cave walls in Madurai and Tirunelveli districts in Tamil Nadu, dating from the 2nd century BCE. [6] These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil Brahmi. [147]
[8] [9] The Pandya dynasty is the longest ruling dynasty in the world. [10] [11] The rulers of the three Tamil dynasties were referred to as the "three crowned rulers (the mu-ventar) of the Tamil Region" [7] [12] in the southern part of India. The origin and the timeline of the Pandya dynasty are difficult to establish. [9]