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  2. Melt and pour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_and_pour

    As with the rebatching method, it can be considered a misnomer to refer to the melt and pour process as soap making. The process has much in common with candle making using meltable wax which, using a similar process, can be scented, dyed, and shaped on a small or large scale of production. Other processes used by soapers are cold process, hot ...

  3. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

  4. Total fatty matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fatty_matter

    Total fatty matter (TFM) is one of the most important characteristics describing the quality of soap and is always specified in commercial transactions. It is defined as the total amount of fatty matter, mostly fatty acids, that can be separated from a sample after splitting with a mineral acid, usually hydrochloric acid.

  5. Glycerin soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerin_soap

    Glycerin soap can also be produced without remelting soap through directly cooking raw home-made soap. [3] Modern clear glycerin soaps bases are produced by combining various glycerol and polyols with soap and other surfactants in a manner similar to traditional glycerin soap-making methods. These modern clear soaps have the benefit of being ...

  6. Hygiene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene

    Bath beans – a powdery soap mixture of ground beans, cloves, eaglewood, flowers, and even powdered jade – were recorded in the Han Dynasty. Bath beans were considered luxury toiletries, while common people simply used powdered beans without spices mixed in. Luxurious bathhouses built around hot springs were recorded in Tang dynasty . [ 76 ]

  7. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate ...

  8. Lye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye

    Potassium hydroxide soaps are softer and more easily dissolved in water than sodium hydroxide soaps. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are not interchangeable in either the proportions required or the properties produced in making soaps. [citation needed] "Hot process" soap making also uses lye as the main ingredient.

  9. Bath bomb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_bomb

    Bath bombs on display in a Lush cosmetics shop. A bath bomb or bath fizzie is a toiletry item used in the bath. It was invented and patented in 1989 by Mo Constantine, co-founder of Lush Cosmetics. [1] It is a compacted mixture of wet and dry ingredients molded into any of several shapes and then dried.

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