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Bipolar neurons, classified as second-order retinal neurons, play a crucial role in translating responses to light into a neural code for vision. [5] Often found in the retina, bipolar cells are crucial as they serve as both direct and indirect cell pathways. The specific location of the bipolar cells allow them to facilitate the passage of ...
The cell bodies of invertebrate unipolar neurons are often located around the edges of the neuropil, in the so-called cell-body rind. [3] Most neurons in the central nervous systems of vertebrates, including mammals, are multipolar. [4] In multipolar neurons, multiple processes extend from the cell body including dendrites and axons.
The causes of bipolar disorder likely vary between individuals and the exact mechanism underlying the disorder remains unclear. [53] Genetic influences are believed to account for 73–93% of the risk of developing the disorder indicating a strong hereditary component. [13] The overall heritability of the bipolar spectrum has been estimated at ...
Bipolar disorder can also involve depressive episodes, which have the same symptoms that people with major depressive disorder experience. Symptoms of a depressive episode can include : Feeling ...
The sgACC volume is observed to be reduced not only in bipolar disorder, but also in unipolar disorder, as well as people with a family history of affective disorders. Enlargement of the striatum and globus pallidus are commonly found, and although some studies fail to observe this, at least one study has reported no volumetric but subtle ...
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons. These processes are projections from the neuron cell body. Multipolar neurons constitute the majority of neurons in the central nervous system.
The cause of Bipolar disorder can be attributed to misfiring neurotransmitters that overstimulate the amygdala, which in turn causes the prefrontal cortex to stop working properly. The bipolar patient becomes overwhelmed with emotional stimulation with no way of understanding it, which can trigger mania and exacerbate the effects of depression.
Neurons are polarised cells that are specialised for the conduction of action potentials also called nerve impulses. [1] They can also synthesise membrane and protein. Neurons communicate with other neurons using neurotransmitters released from their synapses, and they may be inhibitory, excitatory or neuromodulatory. [5]
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