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  2. Surface area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area

    A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...

  3. Pappus's centroid theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappus's_centroid_theorem

    The theorem applied to an open cylinder, cone and a sphere to obtain their surface areas. The centroids are at a distance a (in red) from the axis of rotation.. In mathematics, Pappus's centroid theorem (also known as the Guldinus theorem, Pappus–Guldinus theorem or Pappus's theorem) is either of two related theorems dealing with the surface areas and volumes of surfaces and solids of ...

  4. On the Sphere and Cylinder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Sphere_and_Cylinder

    On the Sphere and Cylinder (Greek: Περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου) is a treatise that was published by Archimedes in two volumes c. 225 BCE. [1] It most notably details how to find the surface area of a sphere and the volume of the contained ball and the analogous values for a cylinder, and was the first to do so. [2]

  5. Area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area

    The formula for the surface area of a sphere is more difficult to derive: because a sphere has nonzero Gaussian curvature, it cannot be flattened out. The formula for the surface area of a sphere was first obtained by Archimedes in his work On the Sphere and Cylinder. The formula is: [6] A = 4πr 2 (sphere), where r is the radius of the sphere.

  6. Spherical cap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cap

    For example, assuming the Earth is a sphere of radius 6371 km, the surface area of the arctic (north of the Arctic Circle, at latitude 66.56° as of August 2016 [7]) is 2π ⋅ 6371 2 | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 21.04 million km 2 (8.12 million sq mi), or 0.5 ⋅ | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 4.125% of the total surface area of the Earth.

  7. Sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere

    The sphere has the smallest surface area of all surfaces that enclose a given volume, and it encloses the largest volume among all closed surfaces with a given surface area. [11] The sphere therefore appears in nature: for example, bubbles and small water drops are roughly spherical because the surface tension locally minimizes surface area.

  8. Square–cube law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square–cube_law

    Its volume would be multiplied by the cube of 2 and become 8 m 3. The original cube (1 m sides) has a surface area to volume ratio of 6:1. The larger (2 m sides) cube has a surface area to volume ratio of (24/8) 3:1. As the dimensions increase, the volume will continue to grow faster than the surface area. Thus the square–cube law.

  9. Area of a triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_triangle

    Taking L to be the x-axis, the line integral between consecutive vertices (x i,y i) and (x i+1,y i+1) is given by the base times the mean height, namely (x i+1 − x i)(y i + y i+1)/2. The sign of the area is an overall indicator of the direction of traversal, with negative area indicating counterclockwise traversal. The area of a triangle then ...

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