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A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptric telescope). The refracting telescope design was originally used in spyglasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long-focus camera lenses .
Hans Lipperhey is known for the earliest written record of a refracting telescope, a patent he filed in 1608. [1] [2] His work with optical devices grew out of his work as a spectacle maker, [3] an industry that had started in Venice and Florence in the thirteenth century, [4] and later expanded to the Netherlands and Germany. [5]
Notes on Hans Lippershey's unsuccessful telescope patent in 1608. The first record of a telescope comes from the Netherlands in 1608. It is in a patent filed by Middelburg spectacle-maker Hans Lippershey with the States General of the Netherlands on 2 October 1608 for his instrument "for seeing things far away as if they were nearby." [12] A few weeks later another Dutch instrument-maker ...
There are claims Leonard Digges independently invented the reflecting telescope, and/or the refracting telescope as part of his need to see accurately over long distances during his surveying works. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In the preface to the 1591 Pantometria, (a book on measurement, partially based on his father's notes and observations) Leonard's son ...
1608 – Hans Lippershey tries to patent an optical refracting telescope, the first recorded functional telescope; 1609 – Galileo Galilei builds his first optical refracting telescope; 1616 – Niccolò Zucchi experiments with a reflecting telescope; 1633 – Construction of Leiden University Observatory
1897 — Largest practical refracting telescope, the Yerkes Observatorys' 40 inch (101.6 cm) refractor, is built. 1900 — The largest refractor ever, Great Paris Exhibition Telescope of 1900 with an objective of 49.2 inch (1.25 m) diameter is temporarily exhibited at the Paris 1900 Exposition.
From this work he concluded that any refracting telescope would suffer from the dispersion of light into colours. He went on to invent a reflecting telescope (today known as a Newtonian telescope), which showed that using a mirror to form an image bypassed the problem. In 1671 the Royal Society asked for a demonstration of his reflecting telescope.
He also invented an improved version of the refracting telescope, the Keplerian telescope, which became the foundation of the modern refracting telescope, [13] while also improving on the telescope design by Galileo Galilei, [14] who mentioned Kepler's discoveries in his work.