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About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in the summer.
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
Country Southernmost point Latitude Antarctica: South Pole: 90°00′S: Antarctic Circle: 66°33′39"S South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom) Southern Thule: 59°42′S Chile: Águila Islet, Diego Ramírez Islands Cape Froward (mainland) 56°32′S 53°53′S Argentina: Southernmost point of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
Transcontinental countries in Europe and Africa, classified as Southern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Italy (Pantelleria and the Pelagie Islands), Malta, Portugal (Madeira [including the Savage Islands]), and Spain (Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla, Alboran Island, and Spain's plazas de soberanía).
The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961. [4] The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [1]
A map of the Antarctic region, including the Antarctic Convergence and the 60th parallel south The Antarctic Plate. The Antarctic (/ æ n ˈ t ɑːr t ɪ k,-k t ɪ k /, US also / æ n t ˈ ɑːr t ɪ k,-k t ɪ k /; commonly / æ ˈ n ɑːr t ɪ k /) [Note 1] is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole.
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System : 193 UN member states , [ 1 ] two UN General Assembly non-member observer ...
Map depicts sovereign states and a de facto state (tw) fully located on islands: those with land borders shaded green, and those without shaded dark blue. Countries/territories not shown on the map: Antarctica (aq) (continental disputed territory), Australia (au) (continental country), the Cook Islands (ck) and Niue (nu) (free association with New Zealand), Greenland (gl) (constituent country ...