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Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
The reconstructive ladder is the set of levels of increasingly complex management of wounds in reconstructive plastic surgery. [1] The surgeon should start on the lowest rung and move up until a suitable technique is reached.
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This stage is followed by the inflammatory phase which typically lasts 1 to 3 days. Proliferation is the third stage of wound healing and lasts from a few days up to a month. The fourth and final phase of wound healing, remodeling/scar formation, typically lasts 12 months but can continue as long as 2 years after the initial injury.
Postoperative wounds are those wounds acquired during surgical procedures. Postoperative wound healing occurs after surgery and normally follows distinct bodily reactions: the inflammatory response, the proliferation of cells and tissues that initiate healing, and the final remodeling.
It is the first stage of wound healing. Hemostasis involves three major steps: vasoconstriction; temporary blockage of a hole in a damaged blood vessel by a platelet plug; blood coagulation (formation of fibrin clots) Coagulation, the changing of blood from a liquid to a gel which forms the fibrin clots, is essential to hemostasis.
Venous insufficiency is commonly caused by a venous thrombus within the first 2 days following surgery. [19] [18] After the immediate postoperative risk, the flap will continue to heal adhering to the stages of normal wound healing and will take over 3 months for an incision to be at 80% tensile strength compared to normal tissue. [18]
In surgery there are three main phases: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. These phases collectively are known as the perioperative period. Each phase is related to specific activities carried out and skills needed for different stages of nursing. [1]