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Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a salt of composition Na 6 [(PO 3) 6]. [3] Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO 3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate.
Early history [ edit ] The original product consisted of powdered sodium hexametaphosphate (amorphous sodium polyphosphate), which, in water, would complex with ambient calcium ions and certain other cations —preventing formation of unwanted salts and interference by those cations with the actions of soap or other detergents .
In the 1930s phosphates (sodium phosphates) and polyphosphates (sodium hexametaphosphate) were introduced, continuing with the introduction of phosphonates (HEDP, ATMP, EDTMP). While these phosphorus-based agents are generally non-toxic they are now known to cause nutrient pollution , which can have serious environmental consequences.
Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% CMC and 40% salts (sodium chloride and sodium glycolate). This product, called technical CMC, is used in detergents . [ citation needed ] An additional purification process is used to remove salts to produce pure CMC, which is used for food and pharmaceutical ...
Mammillaria sp. on MS media in agar. Murashige and Skoog medium (or MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) is the most popular plant growth medium used in the laboratories worldwide for cultivation of plant cell culture on agar. MS0 was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog in 1962 during Murashige's search for a new plant growth ...
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Sodium hydrogen phosphate Trisodium phosphate. A sodium phosphate is a generic variety of salts of sodium (Na +) and phosphate (PO 3− 4). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms ...
Trimetaphosphate is a cyclic trimer formed by the self reaction of metaphosphate ions. A metaphosphate ion is an oxyanion that has the empirical formula PO − 3. [1] It was first postulated in 1955 [2] but was not observed until 1979, when it was detected by mass spectrometry. [3]
It is a common source of psyllium, a type of dietary fiber. [5] Psyllium seed husks are indigestible and are a source of soluble fiber which may be fermented into butyric acid – a short-chain fatty acid – by butyrate-producing bacteria. [6] Plantago ovata is the most popular source for commercial products containing psyllium. [7]