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Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Treatments include agents that (1) increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, (2) increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, (3) decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and (4) increase the loss of glucose through urination.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). They are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and bacteria (containing the inhibitor acarbose ).
The study noted an A1c difference at weel 30 of -1.2 in those that took 0.5 mg of Ozempic, and -1.4 I those that took 1.0 mg weekly, when compared to the placebo group.
Antidiuretics reduce urine volume, particularly in diabetes insipidus (DI), which is one of their main indications. The antidiuretic hormone class includes vasopressin (ADH), argipressin, desmopressin, lypressin, ornipressin, oxytocin, and terlipressin. Miscellaneous others include chlorpropamide and carbamazepine.
Dulaglutide, sold under the brand name Trulicity among others, [8] is a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with diet and exercise. [9] [10] It is also approved in the United States for the reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases, [1] involving the exocrine and digestive functions of the pancreas. It also occurs following surgical removal of the pancreas. Around 5–10% of cases of diabetes in the Western world are related to pancreatic diseases.
Liraglutide, sold under the brand name Victoza among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, and chronic obesity. [6] [7] It is a second-line therapy for diabetes following first-line therapy with metformin. [6] [8] Its effects on long-term health outcomes like heart disease and life expectancy are unclear.
Glimepiride is an antidiabetic medication within the sulfonylurea class, primarily prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is regarded as a second-line option compared to metformin, due to metformin's well-established safety and efficacy. [1]