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Although it had its faults, colonialism was probably "one of the most efficacious engines for cultural diffusion in world history". [130] The economic historian David Kenneth Fieldhouse has taken a kind of middle position, arguing that the effects of colonialism were actually limited and their main weakness was not in deliberate ...
At the same time, the United Kingdom's share of the world economy rose from 2.9% in 1700 up to 9% in 1870, and Britain replaced India as the world's largest textile manufacturer in the 19th century. After the British victory over the Mughal Empire ( Battle of Buxar , 1764), India was deindustrialized by the EIC, British and colonial policies.
Colonialism developed as a concept describing European colonial empires of the modern era, which spread globally from the 15th century to the mid-20th century, spanning 35% of Earth's land by 1800 and peaking at 84% by the beginning of World War I. [10] European colonialism employed mercantilism and chartered companies, and established ...
The colonial economies of the world operated under the economic philosophy of mercantilism, a policy by which countries attempted to run a trade surplus, with their own colonies or other countries, to accumulate gold reserves. Colonies were used as suppliers of raw materials and as markets for manufactured goods while being prohibited from ...
The United Nations General Assembly designated the years 2011–2020 as the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, recalling that 2010 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples.
Postcolonialism is a term used to recognize the continued and troubling presence and influence of colonialism within the period designated as after-the-colonial. It refers to the ongoing effects that colonial encounters, dispossession and power have in shaping the familiar structures (social, political, spatial, uneven global interdependencies ...
Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands.
In economics, the new international division of labour (NIDL) is an outcome of globalization.The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries—an ongoing geographic reorganisation of production, which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor. [1]